Fort Wayne and you will Allen County’s extreme people miss try most likely due so you can growing racial polarization in the later 1850s. It number went on so you can ericans by 1870 census. Brand new county’s people increased to 169 from inside the 1880 features since trended upward, enumerating 41,618 African Americans on 2010 census.

Bibliography

Kirby, J. Randolph. “Cards towards Emergence of a black People inside the Fort Wayne, Indiana ranging from 1820 and you may 1850.” Old Fort Development 54: 1-12.

Quinn, Angela Meters. New Underground Railroad in addition to Antislavery Course in Fort Wayne and you will Allen County, Indiana. Fort Wayne, IN: Arc, Inc., 2001.

Stith, Hana L. Smoking cigarettes a neglected Heritage, Dark colored Background, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Fort Wayne, Ind.: African belarus women & Dark colored Community Museum, 2005.

U.S. Bureau of your Census. “Aggregate Number of For every single Breakdown out-of Persons contained in this Area out of Indiana,” 1: 352. Sixth Census of your own United states, 1840. Arizona, D.C.: U.S. Census Workplace, 1841.

U.S. Bureau of Census. Population regarding Municipal Divisions Lower than Areas; Dining table III County out of Indiana,” 1:124 7th Census of United states, 1850 Arizona, D.C.: U.S. Census Office, 1852

You.S. Bureau of the Census. Population from Civil Divisions Below Counties; Desk III State out-of Indiana,” 1:124 8th Census of the You, 1860. Arizona, D.C.: U.S. Census Place of work, 1862

U.S. Bureau of your own Census. “Inhabitants away from Municipal Divisions Lower than Counties; Table III-County of Indiana,” 1: 124. Ninth Census of your own All of us, 1870. Washington, D.C.: You.S. Government Print Office, 1872.

Bartholomew State is designed during the 1821. Based on federal censuses, the entire quantity of blacks and mulattos is actually 6 in the 1830 (such as the Nancy Tyler and you may James Slight group), 34 within the 1840, 82 into the 1850, six when you look at the 1860, and 42 in the 1870.

Bartholomew County’s that understood payment often named “Africa,” “Smokey Mountain,” otherwise “Nigger Slope” try based in Columbus Township

The significant fall off from 1850 in order to 1860 could be associated with this new negative racial atmosphere and/or most readily useful monetary opportunities various other areas (Handley and Robbins, 33). It was not up until 1880 that the city of Columbus saw a generous increase in its black colored population.Many of these owners lived in Columbus Township as well as the town of Columbus. A number of its surnames was basically: Jones, Oxendine, Galbreath, Mitchell, Simmons and you will Newby. (Newby and Slope was names that were with the Beech Settlement from inside the close Rush Condition.) Such very early settlers originated New york, Sc, Virginia and you will Indiana.

Many families that have been in the 1850 census try and placed in the latest Sign in away from Negroes and you may Mulattoes getting Bartholomew State. (Robbins, Indiana Negro Registers 1852-1865) Specialist Xenia E. Wire talks about an unfamiliar Bartholomew County settlement in her essay, “Black colored Rural Settlements within the Indiana just before 1860” (Gibbs, 104-105). On July 29, 1927, historian George Pence showed a magazine ahead of a combined meeting off new Bartholomew State Historical People while the State-house Literary Bar (Paulette Roberts Collection). Regarding papers, Pence claims: “Together in early fifties a little a large number of Negroes, some fifty souls, most of the told, got paid regarding the south part of Columbus, and the settlement are in your neighborhood labeled as Africa.

Into the senior years pursuing the emigration of coloured anyone this new area is made into an even more modern title that of Smokey Row. It appears the community titled “Africa” and you may “Smokey Row” is named “Nigger Mountain” from the late 1870s. An enthusiastic African Methodist Episcopal Church Congregation in the Columbus is identified as being an integral part of the fresh new Salem Routine having 4 players within the 1841 (Moments, Indiana Yearly Conference, AME Church). From inside the 1850 there are around three “negro” residents which have a house cherished within $520 (Heller, 303).